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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean CLKs' awareness and ability to draw on relational affordances, as well as learning-internal factors, were significant. Researchers from TS and ZL, for example mentioned their relationship with their local professor as the primary reason for their rational decision to avoid criticism of a strict professor (see example 2). This article reviews all local published practical research on Korean until 2020. It focuses on practical fundamental topics like: Discourse Construction Tests The test for discourse completion is a commonly used instrument in pragmatic research. It has numerous advantages, but also a few disadvantages. For instance, the DCT cannot account for cultural and personal variations in communication. Additionally it is also the case that the DCT can be biased and may lead to overgeneralizations. Therefore, it must be carefully analyzed before using it for research or for assessment purposes. Despite its limitations the DCT is a useful tool to investigate the relationship between prosody, information structure, and non-native speakers. The ability of the DCT in two or more stages to alter social variables that affect politeness could be a benefit. This feature can help researchers understand the role of prosody in communication across different cultural contexts, a major challenge in cross-cultural pragmatics. In the field of linguistics, the DCT is now one of the most significant tools to analyze learners' behavior in communication. It can be used to study various issues, including politeness, turn-taking, and the choices made in lexical use. It can also be used to determine the phonological complexity of learners speaking. Recent research has used the DCT as tool to evaluate the ability to resist of EFL students. The participants were given an array of scenarios and asked to select an appropriate response from the options offered. The researchers found that the DCT was more efficient than other methods of refusal such as a questionnaire or video recordings. However, they cautioned that the DCT should be used with caution and include other types of data collection methods. DCTs can be designed with specific linguistic criteria, such as design and content. These criteria are intuitive and based on the assumptions of test developers. They aren't always accurate, and they may be misleading about the way ELF learners actually reject requests in actual interactions. This issue calls for more research into alternative methods of assessing refusal ability. In a recent study DCT responses to student requests via email were compared with the responses of an oral DCT. The results showed that DCTs favored more direct and conventionally-indirect request forms and used more hints than email data. Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs) This study investigated Chinese learners' pragmatic choices when it comes to using Korean through a variety of tools that were tested, including Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs), metapragmatic questionnaires, and Refusal Interviews (RIs). The participants were 46 CLKs of upper-intermediate level who responded to DCTs, MQs, and RIs. They were also required to provide reflections on their evaluations and refusals in RIs. The results showed that CLKs frequently chose to reject native Korean pragmatism norms. Their decisions were influenced by four factors such as their personality and multilingual identities, their ongoing life experiences and their relationships. These findings have implications for L2 Korean assessment and teaching. The MQ data was first analyzed to determine the participants' practical choices. The data was categorized according Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared the choices made by the participants with their linguistic performance using DCTs to determine if they are indicative of pragmatic resistance. Additionally, the participants were asked to justify their choices of behavior in a given situation. The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were analysed using descriptive statistics and Z tests. It was discovered that the CLKs frequently used phrases like “sorry” and “thank you.” This could be due to their lack of experience with the target language, which led to an insufficient knowledge of korea pragmatic norms. The results revealed that CLKs' preferences to diverge from L1 and L2 norms or to move towards L1 norms varied based on the DCT circumstances. In the scenarios 3 and 12 CLKs favored diverging from both L1- and L2-pragmatic norms, while in Situation 14, CLKs preferred convergence to L1 norms. additional resources revealed that CLKs knew about their logical resistance to every DCT situation. The RIs were conducted in a one-to-one manner within two days after participants had completed the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed, then coded by two independent coders. Coding was an iterative process, where the coders discussed and read each transcript. The results of coding are contrasted with the original RI transcripts to determine whether they accurately portrayed the underlying behavior. Refusal Interviews (RIs) A key question of pragmatic research is the reason why learners decide to rescind native-speaker pragmatic norms. A recent study attempted to answer this question employing a variety of research instruments, including DCTs MQs, DCTs and RIs. Participants included 46 CLKs and 44 CNSs from five Korean Universities. 프라그마틱 홈페이지 were required to complete the DCTs and MQs either in their L1 or L2. 프라그마틱 홈페이지 were then invited to an RI where they were asked to reflect on and discuss their responses to each DCT scenario. The results showed that CLKs, on average, did not adhere to the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40% of their responses. They did this even when they could produce patterns that were similar to native speakers. They were also conscious of their own pragmatism. They attributed their choice to learner-internal factors like their personalities and multilingual identities. They also mentioned external factors, like relationship advantages. For example, they described how their relationships with professors facilitated a more relaxed performance in regards to the linguistic and intercultural standards of their university. The interviewees expressed concern about the social pressures and penalties they could face if their local social norms were not followed. They were worried that their native friends would consider them “foreigners” and think they are not intelligent. This was a concern similar to those voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009). These results suggest that native-speaker practical norms are not the norm for Korean learners. They could remain useful as a model for official Korean proficiency tests. Future researchers should reassess the validity of these tests in various contexts and in particular situations. This will allow them to better understand the impact of different cultural environments on the behavior of students and classroom interactions of L2 students. Moreover this will allow educators to develop more effective methodologies to teach and test korea pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consulting. Case Studies The case study method is a method that focuses on intensive, participant-centered research to study a specific subject. It is a method that utilizes multiple data sources to back up the findings, such as interviews or observations, documents and artifacts. This type of investigation is ideal for studying complicated or unique subjects that are difficult to measure with other methods. In a case study, the first step is to define the subject and the purpose of the study. This will help determine which aspects of the subject matter are crucial to study and which could be left out. It is also beneficial to read the literature on to the topic to gain a better knowledge of the subject and place the case study within a wider theoretical framework. This case study was built on an open-source platform, the KMMLU Leaderboard [50] as well as its Korean-specific benchmarks HyperCLOVA X, and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the experiment revealed that L2 Korean students were extremely susceptible to native models. They were more likely to select incorrect answer options, which were literal interpretations. This was a deviance from a precise pragmatic inference. They also showed a distinct tendency to add their own text or “garbage” to their responses. This lowered the quality of their answers. The participants of this study were L2 Korean students who had achieved level four on the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their second or third university year and were aiming to reach level six by their next attempt. They were asked questions regarding their WTC/SPCC, pragmatic awareness and understanding understanding of the world. The interviewees were presented two scenarios, each involving a hypothetical interaction with their interlocutors and asked to choose one of the following strategies to use when making an inquiry. Interviewees were then asked to justify their choice. Most of the participants attributed their pragmatism to their personalities. TS, for example said she was difficult to talk to and would not inquire about her interlocutor's well-being when they had a heavy work load despite the fact that she thought native Koreans would.